UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAICHUR

SEMINAR-I

ON

"CURRENT STATUS OF NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES"

 

HONNAPPAGOUDA. D. K.                                                                       

PGS 08 AGR 4851                               

SYNOPSIS                                      

 

Neonicotinoid insecticides are the most important chemical class of insecticides introduced to global market since the synthetic pyrethroids. Today, Neonicotinoids are registered globally in more than 120 countries and found to be effective against sucking pests  such as aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips, whiteflies, etc and accounted for a worldwide turnover of approx. 1.7 billion US $ (Ralf Nauen and peter Jeschke 2008)

All neonicotinoids act on the insect central nervous system as the agonists of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Bai et al.,1991). They show marked selectivity within the insects and present no hazard to mammals (Tomizawa and Casida, 2003). And no cross resistance to conventional insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates etc and fits well in resistance management strategies (Yamamoto, 1996).

Patil et al., 1999 reported that imidacloprid 70WS at 10 g/kg of seed treatment recorded leafhopper and whitefly below ETL upto 40 DAS on NHH-44 cotton hybrids. It was also observed phytotonic effect on treated plots. Where as thiamethoxam at 2.85 g a.i./kg  found to be optimum for the control of early sucking pests.(Prasanna et al., 2004)

Nauen et al., 2008 studied age specific resistance to imidacloprid in Bemisia tabaci   B-type of MEX2 Strain, and recorded resistance ratio in adults counterpart upto 580 fold and in nymphs 12 fold, there was 50 fold discrepancy in resistance ratio between adult and nymphs.

Kevin Gorman et al., 2008 studied neonicotinoid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens, revealed that ten of the 12 samples collected in 2005 were found be susceptible to imidacloprid, but two late season sample from India showed reduced mortality at both doses LC₉₅ (4mg/l) and 5×LC₉₅(20mg/l). All 13 strains collected in 2006 showed reduced mortality at both doses when compared with susceptible strain. Dose-response line showed resistance in field resistance strains approx. 100-fold compared with susceptible strain.

 

Mota-Sanchez et al., 2006 studied resistance and cross resistance to neonicotinoids in Colorado potato beetle, revealed that 309 fold resistance to imidacloprid, and lower level of cross resistance to other neonicotioids, despite these never been used in the field, i.e., 59-fold resistance dinotefuram, 33-fold to clothianidin, 29-fold to acetamiprid, 25-fold to thiacloprid, 15-fold to thiamethoxam.

Neonicotinoids are distinct group of insecticides against sucking insect pests. However the reports from different corners of the country about development of resistance to this group, it may be due to over use or misuse of the insecticides by the end user. So in this contest use the neonicotinoids according to IRAC guide lines for sustainability.

REFERENCES

 

• • Bai, D., Lummis, Leicht, W., Breer H. and Sattelle,  D. B., 1991, Actions of imidacloprid and a related nitromethylene on cholinergic receptors of an identified insect motor neurone. Pestic sci., 33: 197-204.
  • Kevin Gorman, Zewen, Denholm, Bruggen and Nauen, 2008, Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. pest.Manag.sci., 64:1122-1125.
  • Mota-Sanchez, Robert, M., Edward, J. and Moyer, 2006, Resistance and cross resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in the Colorado potato beetle. pest.Manag.sci., 62:30-37
  • Nauen, Bielza, Denholm and Kevin Gorman, 2008, Age-specific expression of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. pest.Manag.sci., 64:1106-1110.
  • Patil, B. V., Sreenivas, A.G., Mujibur rehaman, S. and Bheemanna, M., 1999, Imidacloprid 70 WS seed treatment against early cotton sucking pest.  Pestology, 23: 35-39.
  • Prasanna, A. R., Bheemanna, M. and Patil, B. V., 2004, Evaluation of thiamethoxam 70 WS as seed treatment against early sucking on hybrid cotton. Karnataka J. Agri. Sci., 17(2):238-241.
  • Ralf Nauen and peter Jeschke, 2008, In focus of neonicotinoid insecticides. pest.Manag.sci., 64:1081-1082.
  • Tomizawa, M. and Casida, J. E., 2003, Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptors. Ann. Rev. Entomol., 48: 339-341.
  • Yamamoto, I., 1996, Neonicotinoids mode of action and selectivity. Agrochemicals Japan, 68:14-15.

                    MAJOR ADVISOR      

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    (Dr. M. Bheemanna)