Wet-bed paddy tranplantation	Compute the seed & seedbed area: 50 kg seed & 500 m2 seedbed area for TP one ha of main field Locate the seedbed away from electric light in a fertile field that is easy to irrigate & drain Start preparing the seedbed 2 weeks before planting time. Add organic manures and/or fertilizers as needed Irrigate, plow, puddle and level the field Prepare beds of 1 to 1.5 m width, 4-5 cm height & any convenient length Pre-germinate the seeds 2 days before sowing: 24 h soaking & 24 h incubation Sow the pre-germinated seeds on beds Water the seedbed 2-3 DAS and then maintain a water level of 2-5 cm, depending on the height of seedlings Apply 20-40 g urea or DAP per m2 at 10 DAS, if needed Apply pesticide only when needed Seedlings are ready for TP from 20-25 DAS
Dry-bed paddy tranplantation	Compute the seed & seedbed area: 50 kg seed & 500 m2 seedbed area for TP one ha of main field Locate the seedbed away from electric light in a fertile field with light soil and easy access to a water source Start preparing the seedbed 2 weeks before planting time Add enough organic manures &/or fertilizers Plow and harrow the field Prepare raised seedbeds of 1.5 m width, 0.1-0.15 m height, and any convenient length Seed priming: weigh required quantity of clean seed, soak for 24 h and then dry in the shade Primed seed is reported to germinate faster than fresh dry seed Sow the primed seeds on raised beds & cover the seed lightly with soil or rice hull Water the seedbed till saturation after sowing Then water the bed periodically as seedlings emerge & grow Regulate the water supply, if necessary,  to control the rate of seedling growth Apply pesticides to control pests, if needed Seedling are ready from 25-30 DAS
Dapog (Mat) paddy tranplantation	Less labor need Shorter period of raising seedlings Easy transport of seedling-mats to main field Preferred for mechanical transplanting Select a level area near the household and/or a water source Mark out 1 m wide and 10 to 20 m long plots Spread a plastic sheet or banana leaves on the marked area Form the boundary with bamboo splits or banana sheath Spread the pre-germinated seeds at the rate of 1 kg per 1.5 m2 area 40-50 kg seed sown in 60-75 m2 area is enough to plant one ha of main field Sprinkle water immediately after sowing and then as and when needed Protect the mat nursery from heavy rains for the first 5 DAS Seedlings will be ready for sowing in 8 to 15 DAS Roll out the seedling mats and transport them to the mail field
Modified mat paddy tranplantation	Reduced nursery area: 100 m2 to plant 1 ha Establishing seedlings in a 4cm layer of soil mix, arranged on a firm surface Robust, young seedlings (18-20 cm tall with 4 leaves) produced within 15 DAS Easy transportation of seedling-mats to main field Easy separation of seedlings for transplanting (minimum root damage Prepare 100 m2 nursery area to plant 1 ha. Select a level area near the household and/or a water source Mark out 1 m wide and 10 to 20 m long plots Spread a plastic sheet or banana leaves on the marked area Place a wooden frame with 4cm deep and convenient size segments Fill the frame with soil mixture Seed: To plant 1 ha, use quality seed @ 9-12 kg seed (for 20 x 20 cm spacing at 1 seedling per hill) 18-25 kg seed (for 20 x 20 cm spacing at 2 seedling per hill) Sow pre-germinated seeds at the rate of 100 to 150 g per m2 area and cover the seed with dry soil and press it gently Sprinkle water immediately to soak the bed Then water the bed as and when needed to keep it moist all the time Protect the nursery from heavy rains for the first 5 DAS Continue watering until 15 DAS If the nursery can be flooded, flood the nursery area with 1 cm water level all around at 6-7 DAS Optional: Sprinkle 0.5% urea solution at 9 DAS, if seedling growth is slow or leaves are yellowing (1.5 kg urea/300 l for 100 m2 area) Seedlings reach 18-20 cm tall at 15 DAS If flooded, drain the water 2 days before lifting the seedling-mats Lift & transport the seedling-mats to mail field Separate the seedlings and transplant them at 1-2 per hill at 20x20 to 25x25 cm spacing Modified Mat Nursery-2: Preparing Soil Mix soil                            : 70-80%, Decomposed manure  : 15-20%, Rice husk                   : 5-10%, Powdered DAP            : 1.5 kg/100 m2 **4 m3 soil mix for 100 m2 nursery area