University of Agricultural Sciences, raichur

DEPARTMENT OF SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAICHUR

SEMINAR-II

On

"EFFECT OF FUMIGATION ON SEED QUALITY"   

Name: RAVIKIRAN, V. KAMBLE     

Date: 18/12/2009

PGS 08AGR 4879

Time: 3.15 pm

        SYNOPSIS 

 

 

Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within. It is utilized for control of pests in buildings, soil, seed, and grain produce. It is also used during processing of goods to be imported or exported in order to prevent transfer of exotic organisms. Fumigants are chemical compounds in gaseous form that enter the body of insect through the spiracles spread all over via trachea and tracheoles. The important fumigants are Methyl bromide, Ethylene dibromide, Aluminium phosphide, Ethyl formate, Hydrogen cyanide, Chloropicrin etc.

Kanna and Yadav (1987) reported that response of wheat cultivars varied from one fumigant to another and degree of tolerance to fumigants also varied among cultivars. The seed germination of HD-2204, D-108-3, 1-WP-72 and WL-711 declined from an initial seed germination of 96 per cent to 79, 95, 91 and 82 per cent respectively.

Prasad (1998) studied the effect of phosphine fumigant on seed quality of different sorghum cultivars and observed that CO-23 recorded highest germination percentage and dry matter content than other cultivars viz., CO-21, CO-22 and CO-24

Phosphine fumigant protected wheat seeds against the infestation of lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica whereas, 7.33 per cent infestation was observed in unfumigated seeds after four months of storage. Further there was no adverse effect of repeated fumigations at three folds higher dose (9 g/m³) on seed germination. (Gupta et al., 2000)

Singh et al. (2003) reported that green gram and chick pea seeds (having 12 per cent moisture content) fumigated with methyl bromide and stored at ambient temperature, lost their germination within 24 months, while the unfumigated seed in same condition retained 97 per cent germination. Whereas, at 9 per cent seed moisture, methyl bromide fumigated seeds maintained viability up to 42 months but in phosphine fumigated seeds started to decline in germination after 21 months and were completely dead by 37 months.

 Fresh uninfected seeds of dicoccum wheat c.v. DDK-101 fumigated once and twice with EDB at four doses (0, 2, 4, 6 ml/q of seeds) for 24hrs followed by aeration for seven days recorded higher plant height (59.12 cm), productive tiller (95.0) number of seeds per spike (16.5), 100 seed weight (49.70 gm) and seed yield (34.71 q/ha) (Rathod et al., 2003).

Groundnut seeds fumigated with ethylene dibromide for 24 hour recorded 88 per cent germination, seedling length (16 cm) and seedling vigour (1355). Whereas, in unfumigated seeds germination per cent, seedling length and vigour index was 82, 12, and 1014 respectively. Further during ten months storage germination per cent, seedling length and vigour index declined to 58, 10, and 635 respectively.  (Vijayanna, 2006).

Although fumigation is one of the most effective method to control the storage insects, but it is effective only when seeds are fumigated with desired fumigant at desired quantity at normal temperature and moisture content with minimum exposure period. Among different fumigants, aluminium phosphide is considered as one of the safest fumigant as it is not having deleterious effect on seed quality.

 

REFERENCES:

Gupta, I., Gupta, S. N. Sharma, K. C., and Ramwtar., 2000, Effect of repeated fumigation with  higher

doses of phosphine on seed germination and vigour of wheat.  Seed Res., 28(2): 186- 189

Kanna, S. C., and Yadav, T. D., 1987, Effect of methyl bromide fumigation on the germinability of

wheat seed. Seed Res., 15(2): 183-186

Prasad, G.V.S.R., 1998, Effect of fumigation on viability and vigour of stored seeds of sorghum

(Sorghum bicolor) Cultivars. Seed Res., 26(1): 57-61.                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Rathod, R. R., 2003, Effect of fumigation on field performance of dicoccum wheat. Seed Res., 31(1):

116-118.

Singh, N., Kapur, M. L. and Mahajan, R. K., 2003, Effect of fumigation on germination and vigour in

chick pea and green gram during prolonged storage. Seed Res., 31(1):161-168

 Vijayanna, S. V., 2006, Effect of fumigation on seed quality during storage of ground nut. M Sc. (Agri)

 Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

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