Aphids

Adults reproduces without mating (in India) and are capable of producing about 100 nymphs in their 5-30 day life span. These nymphs are dark brown and turn into shiny-black adults in about 10 days. When the population density in the colony reaches a certain limit, winged individuals are found among the wingless forms. They fly away to form new colonies.
Crop Damage   Nymphs and adults suck sap from the tender growing shoots, flowers (Fig.), and pegs, causing stunting and distortion of the foliage and stems.  They secrete a sticky fluid (honeydew) on the plant, which is turned black by a fungus. The blackened honeydew is called sooty mould. Severe outbreaks are sporadic but possible during drought periods. Aphids are potentially more important in transmitting virus diseases. Fortunately, the most important aphid-transmitted viruses like peanut stripe virus and the groundnut rosette virus complex (Fig.) are either restricted in distribution or do not occur in South Asia.
Aphids are potentially more important in transmitting virus diseases. Fortunately, the most important aphid-transmitted viruses like peanut stripe virus and the groundnut rosette virus complex (Fig.) are either restricted in distribution or do not occur in South Asia.
Management     Heavy rains reduce aphid population densities and favor the development of the fungal diseases that kill these insects. Aphids are particularly susceptible to predators like coccinellids, syrphids, lacewings, and a number of parasites. Apply Dimethoate at 200-250 mL a.i./ha but only under: drought conditions,  when the crop is young i.e. less than 30 days after emergence, all terminal buds are infested with aphids, and no ladybirds, syrphids, or lacewings can be found.