Submitted by Meeta on Thu, 31/12/2009 - 17:50
Time based package of practices for Wheat
First prime minister of India Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru remarked on Independence Day, 1947: "everything else can wait, but not agriculture." Timely application of production inputs alone can play very important role to realize potential yield of crops. It is well known that farming communities are interested in the activities associated with crop production and especially regarding the appropriate time for agricultural practices. In the aspect of time based application of agricultural inputs, farmer want to know competency questions such as when the crop should be first irrigated after sowing, what is the appropriate time for application of post emergence weedicides ,My crop is 40 days old now what should I do? and other similar questions. Package of practices developed for crop production are location specific and mainly depends on prevailing climate, weather, soil, agro climatic zone and varieties. Time based package of practices in wheat for normal duration variety have been design with the intention of do agricultural practices at right time.
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Selection of seed:
Seed treatment:
Sowing time: A. Irrigated timely sown crop
B. Irrigated late sown crop Sowing should not be delayed beyond the following dates since the reduction in yield level would be very high:
C. Rainfed timely sown crop:
Seed rate:
Spacing:
Depth of sowing:
Method of sowing: [[Broadcasting]] |
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| [[Sowing in furrows]] [[Dibbling ]] [[Drilling]] [[Zero Till Seed Drill (ZTSD)]] [[Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed (FIRB)]] |
Fertilizers doses:
- Timely sown dwarf varieties- 120:60:40 kg NPK/ha
- Late sown dwarf varieties and rainfed condition- 80:40:30 kg NPK/ha
- Timely sown deshi varieties- 60:40:30 kg NPK/ha
- Late sown deshi varieties- 30:20:15 Kg NPK/ha
Method of fertilizer application:
- In case of dwarf timely sown varieties and medium and heavy soil, application of half dose of Nitrogen and full dose of P&K should be basal dressed below 5 cm. of the seed in furrows. The remaining half quantity of Nitrogen should be top dressed in two split doses.
- In case of dwarf late sown varieties, deshi varieties and light soil, application of two third of Nitrogen and full amount of P&K should be basal dressed below 5 cm of the seed in furrows. The reaming quantity of nitrogen should be top dressed at the time of first irrigation.
- In the rainfed condition total amount of NPK should be basal dressed in the soil below 5cm of the seed at the time of sowing.
2-5 Days
- Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1kg.ai/ha in 900-1000 liters of water for the control of narrow leaves as well as broad leaves weeds.
- Preparation of basin with the help of bund making equipment for the irrigation by basin method.
- First manual weeding with the help of Khurapi or hoe for the control of weeds.
- First irrigation should be given at the crown root initiation stage for the better development of crown roots. This is most critical stage for irrigation.
- Top dressing of remaining doses of nitrogen. In medium and heavy soils-top dressing of remaining 1/2 of the nitrogen whereas in light soils top dressing of 1/4 nitrogen.
- If cutworms attack is found then apply Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 0.8-1.0 kg per ha with irrigation water.
- Management of surface grasshopper by dusting the crop with 5% carbaryl or 5% malathion or methyl parathion 2% @25 kg per ha.
- Spraying of chlorpyriphos 20 EC or endosulfan 35 EC @ 2.5 litre/ha for termite control.
- Post-emergence application of Isoproturon @ 0.75 kg. ai per ha or leader @ 33 gm per ha or topic @ 400 gm per ha for narrow leaf weeds control such as wild oat and Phalaris.
- Application of 2, 4-D @ 625 gm per ha for the control of broad leaf weeds.
- If germinating seedling cut at the ground level found then dusting of carbaryl or malathion 5 per cent @ 25 kg per ha for the control of gujhia weevil.
- Second manual weeding with the help of Khurapi or hoe for the removal of weeds.
- Second irrigation at maximum tillering stage.
- In case of light soil, top dressing of remaining ¼ nitrogen.
- If dead hearts symptoms noticed then spraying of cypermethrin @ 50 gm ai/ha for contol of shoot fly attack.
- Application of third irrigation at the late jointing stage.
- Spraying of Dithane M-45 or Dithane Z-78 or Tilt 25 EC @ 500 ml per ha for the control of leaf blight.
- If symptoms of rust appear then spraying of fungicide such as mancozeb @ 2.0-2.5 kg/ha for control of leaf rust and stem rust.
- Fourth irrigation should be given at the time of flowering stage. Irrigation at this stage is very important because during this period plant suffer most from soil moisture stress, due to moisture stress this stage grain number and grain size are reduced considerably.
- If there are only two irrigations available then it should be second irrigation.
- If symptoms of karnal bunt appears then spraying of Tilt 25 EC @ 500 ml per ha or spraying of Baycor @ 2.0 gm per litre water.
- Identify Loose smut, Flag smut and Head scab diseases affected plants and destroy them by burying and burning carefully.
- Fifth irrigation at the milky stage.
- If there are only three irrigations are available then it should be third irrigation.
- If attack of aphid is found then spray 375 ml of dimethoate 30 EC or oxydemeton Methyl 25 EC or Monocrotophos 36 SL in 250 litres of water/ha.
- If armyworm attack is found then spray of 500 ml of dichlorvos 85 SL or 3kg of carvaryl 50 WP or 1 litre of quinalphos 25 EC in 250 litres of waters/ha.
- Sixth irrigation at the dough stage. This irrigation should be given very carefully; the water stagnation should not be for long hours otherwise the crop may fall due to speedy winds.
- Identify diseases affected plants and destroy them by burying and burning carefully.
- Harvesting of crop should be done.
- Wheat should be harvested when the leaves and stems turn yellow and become fairly dry.
- The right stage of harvesting is when there is about 25-30 per cent moisture in grains.
- Harvesting is normally done serrate edged sickles by hand and reaper.
- Combines are also available which are performing harvesting, threshing and winnowing single operation.
- After proper drying of harvested crop threshing should be done.
- Threshing is generally done by various types of threshers.
- After threshing the grain should be thoroughly dried before storage. Grains with less than 10% moisture store well. The storage pits, bins or godowns should be moisture proof and should be fumigated to keep down the attack of stored grain pests.
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